Prevalence and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Indians: A Comparative Study in Singapore and India
Purpose: To compare the prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2 Indian populations, 1 living in urban Singapore and 1 in rural central India.Design: Population-based, cross-sectional studies of Indians aged 40+ years.Methods: Our analysis included 3337 Singapore-residing participants and 3422 India-residing participants. All participants underwent comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations and retinal photography. AMD was graded from retinal photographs according to the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Systemic and ocular risk factors were assessed for association with AMD.Results: Singapore-residing participants were older (mean age 57.8 years vs 53.8 years) and, after adjusting for age and sex, (Read more...)