Part one of this series focused on balancing the three interrelated concepts of presbyopia-correcting or visual range IOLs: visual quality, visual range and visual symptoms, or dysphotopsias.
This article will address what dysphotopsias are, why they occur and how to address them in clinical practice.
First, it is important to understand that using refractive or diffractive optics as a means to increase visual range — the goal of presbyopia-correcting or visual range IOLs — necessarily results in off-axis light, which leads to the visual symptoms of dysphotopsias, including