Use of the posterior auricular muscle complex graft as a spacer in upper eyelid retraction was first presented at the 20th annual scientific symposium of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in 1989.
The results were promising, with an obvious decrease in lid adjustment operations. In developing this technique, it was broached that utilization of an auricular cartilage graft, which was being widely used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons in lower eyelid retraction repair, had inherent problems in upper eyelid retraction repair. Often, the cartilage graft was