KOLOA, Hawaii — Effective management of thyroid eye disease requires a focus on mitigating modifiable risk factors, according to a presenter at Hawaiian Eye 2025.
Mark J. Lucarelli, MD, FACS, said that the most prominent modifiable risk factors for thyroid eye disease (TED) are the patient’s smoking habits and endocrine status.
“This is a big inflection point that we can have an impact on in the patient’s disease progression,” he said.
According to Lucarelli, the association between smoking and the risk of TED is dose-dependent, meaning that even small adjustments