Vitreoretinal surgeon relates stepwise approach to managing DME

When managing patients with diabetic macular edema, it is important that clinicians have defined first-line and second-line therapies, according to one vitreoretinal surgeon.“We now have a much better handle on how to control diabetic macular edema based on recent research studies for guidance,” Ankoor R. Shah, MD, said, citing the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) Protocol T study findings.

Which IOL calculation formula should you use for different scenarios?

For many years we have been instructed to use theoretical formulae to do our IOL calculations. These formulae include the third-generation Holladay 1, SRK/T and Hoffer Q, as well as the fourth-generation Holladay 2, Haigis, Olsen and Barrett methods. All of these formulae have similarities, but they also have differences and eyes in which they are particularly well suited and eyes in which they are less accurate. There are additional modifications to these formulae, such as the Wang-Koch axial length adjustment for highly myopic eyes, in an effort to improve accuracy. So it begs the question, “When do we use which formula in order to achieve the most accurate results?”I think that we may have entered a new era of IOL calculations. In my previous column, I wrote about the concept of a “Super Surface” and a “Super Formula” as published by John Ladas, MD, PhD, and his co-authors. It is an important concept that may change the way that we approach IOL calculations for our cataract surgery patients.

OCTA represents next step in imaging technology

OCT uses a relatively long wavelength near infrared light to create a three-dimensional high-resolution cross-sectional image of tissue. The light collected to create the images is reflected or backscattered from the tissue. OCT can image both transparent and opaque tissue and routinely penetrate 500 µm to as much as 1,000 µm into tissue. A typical OCT device used in an ophthalmology practice today has a resolution in the 10-µm range. Thus, a single cell such as a retinal ganglion cell, photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelial cell or corneal epithelial/keratocyte/endothelial cell can be imaged.This technology, provided to ophthalmologists primarily by Zeiss, Heidelberg, Topcon and Optovue has revolutionized our diagnostic capability. Nearly every ophthalmology practice in the U.S. utilizes OCT on a daily basis in the clinic and even in the operating room for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Now we have even more exciting advances coming to enhance our diagnostic ability.