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Although anti-VEGFs are now the first-line treatment for DME, a significant proportion of eyes treated with anti-VEGFs are nonresponders, ranging from 35% to 60% in different series. This is not surprising because not only VEGF but multiple inflammatory pathways are at play in DME, and many cytokines are present in the vitreous. Intravitreal steroids help address the inflammatory pathways and can be a good adjunct for many eyes. Nevertheless, only 20% of eyes treated with a dexamethasone implant and 28% (Read more...)
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