Category: Peer-reviewed

Agreement of Flicker Chronoscopy for Structural Glaucomatous Progression Detection and Factors Associated With Progression – Corrected Proof

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Purpose: To evaluate agreement of flicker chronoscopy for structural glaucomatous progression detection and factors associated with progression.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Methods: Two glaucoma fellowship–trained ophthalmologists, masked to temporal sequence, independently graded serial flicker chronoscopy images from 1 eye of a cohort of glaucoma patients for features of structural progression. Agreement between graders was determined, as was accuracy for determining the temporal order of images. After adjudication, simple and multiple logistic models were constructed to determine baseline variables associated with increased odds of progression.Results: Fifty of 103 included eyes/patients (48.5%) had at least 1 sign of structural progression. Temporal sequence was incorrectly (Read more...)

One-Year Strabismus Outcomes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study – Corrected Proof

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Objective:
To evaluate the characteristics of strabismus in infants who underwent cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Design:
Secondary outcome analysis in a prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Participants:
The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study is a randomized, multicenter (n = 12), clinical trial comparing treatment of aphakia with a primary IOL or contact lens in 114 infants with a unilateral congenital cataract.

Intervention:
Infants underwent cataract surgery with or without placement of an IOL.

Main Outcome Measures:
The proportion of patients in whom strabismus developed during the first 12 months of follow-up was calculated using the life-table method (Read more...)

Comparison of Treatment Regimens for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Patients with AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy – Corrected Proof

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Purpose:
To describe the outcomes of different treatment approaches for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Design:
Prospective cohort study, the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS.

Participants:
A total of 250 patients with CMV retinitis and a CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/μl (n = 221) at enrollment or incident retinitis (n = 29) during cohort follow-up.

Methods:
The effects of systemic therapy (vs. intraocular therapy only) on systemic outcomes and the effect of intraocular therapies (ganciclovir implants, intravitreal injections) on ocular outcomes were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measures:
Mortality, CMV dissemination, retinitis (Read more...)

Body Stature Growth Trajectories during Childhood and the Development of Myopia – Corrected Proof

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Purpose:
Stature at a particular age can be considered the cumulative result of growth during a number of preceding growth trajectory periods. We investigated whether height and weight growth trajectories from birth to age 10 years were related to refractive error at ages 11 and 15 years, and eye size at age 15 years.

Design:
Prospective analysis in a birth cohort.

Participants:
Children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) U.K. birth cohort (minimum N = 2676).

Methods:
Growth trajectories between birth and 10 years were modeled from a series of height and weight measurements (N (Read more...)

Predictive Value in Retinal Vein Occlusions of Early Versus Late or Incomplete Ranibizumab Response Defined by Optical Coherence Tomography – Corrected Proof

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Purpose:
To determine if optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline or month 3 in the Treatment of Macular Edema following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (BRAVO) and Treatment of Macular Edema following Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (CRUISE) studies provides information that predicts visual outcome.

Design:
Post hoc analysis from 2 prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials.

Participants:
Three hundred ninety-seven patients from the BRAVO study and 392 patients from the CRUISE study.

Methods:
Time-domain OCT imaging data were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measures:
Mean change from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score (Read more...)

Changes in Ocular Flora in Eyes Exposed to Ophthalmic Antibiotics – Corrected Proof

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Purpose:
To determine changes in ocular flora in individuals repeatedly exposed to topical macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Design:
Prospective, controlled, longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up.

Participants:
Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing serial unilateral intravitreal injection for choroidal neovascularization.

Methods:
Patients received 4 consecutive monthly unilateral intravitreal injections and were then treated as needed. Each patient was randomized to 1 of 4 antibiotics (azithromycin 1%, gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, ofloxacin 0.3%) and used only their assigned antibiotic for 4 days after each injection. Conjunctival cultures of the treated eye and untreated fellow eye (control) were taken at baseline and before (Read more...)

Oral Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Prevention of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Nutritional AMD Treatment 2 Study

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–enriched oral supplementation in preventing exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Design: The Nutritional AMD Treatment 2 study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel, comparative study.Participants: Two hundred sixty-three patients 55 years of age or older and younger than 85 years with early lesions of age-related maculopathy and visual acuity better than 0.4 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution units in the study eye and neovascular AMD in the fellow eye.Methods: Patients were assigned randomly to receive either 840 mg/day DHA and 270 mg/day (Read more...)

The Effect of Prior Trabeculectomy on Refractive Outcomes of Cataract Surgery – Corrected Proof

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Purpose: To examine surgical and refractive outcomes of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implant in eyes with prior trabeculectomy.Design: Retrospective observational case-control study.Methods: The study compared eyes that underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implant at least 3 months post-trabeculectomy (n = 77) with eyes with either medically controlled glaucoma (n = 43) or no glaucoma (n = 50) at an academic institution. The main outcome measure was the difference between the expected and the actual postoperative refraction.Results: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased in trabeculectomy eyes from 8.7 ± 4.2 mm Hg to 10.7 ± 4.0 mm Hg (P < .0001), whereas it decreased in glaucoma control and (Read more...)

Color-Code Agreement Among Stratus, Cirrus, and Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis With and Without Prior Optic Neuritis – Corrected Proof

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Purpose: To evaluate the agreement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) color codes among Stratus, Cirrus, and Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Design: Prospective cohort study.Methods: In 140 eyes from 70 patients having relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from January 2011 to September 2011, peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using the fast RNFL program by Stratus, the optic disc cube protocol by Cirrus, and the N-site axonal analysis by Spectralis.Results: Overall, a moderate to good RNFL color code agreement was found (0.435-0.884), except for the nasal quadrant. The temporal quadrant was the most abnormal color coding by (Read more...)