Ophthalmology’s Guide for Authors includes a policy regarding prior and repetitive publication that states: “The Journal will not consider manuscripts that have appeared, in part or in total, in other publications, except in special circumstances app…
Category: Peer-reviewed
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We thank Sabour and Ghassemi for their interest in our paper and their comments about the interpretation of the statistical analysis. The predictive value of the temporal–superior and temporal–inferior positions of the Moorfields Regression Analysi…
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We thank Yoon et al for their interest in our article and their comments on their cited publication and personal experience. As noted in their letter, the incidence of brow ptosis after temporal artery biopsy (TAB) had not been reported previously. We …
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We thank Dr. Killer for his interest in our study. We fully agree with him that (1) the assumption of a narrow orbital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space indicating a low intracranial CSF pressure is valid only if there is a free communication between the…
Brow Ptosis After Temporal Artery Biopsy
Recently we described 4 patients referred over a period of 5 years after suffering facial nerve injury from superficial temporal artery biopsy. A literature search uncovered 3 more cases, bringing the total number of reported cases to 7. From this low …
Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology; Wills Eye Institute; Pediatric Ophthalmology
Media Type: Book series Synopsis: The overwhelming sea of new knowledge added to the field of pediatric ophthalmology, constantly, makes it difficult for clinicians to grasp every single detail in the field. This is particularly true for clinicians i…
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We thank DR Hirneiss for his interest in our study. We agree that the absolute value of the difference in correlation coefficients was small when comparing visual field (VF) scores with the total Assessment of Disability Related to Vision score and the…
Visual Field Staging Systems in Glaucoma and the Activities of Daily Living
Kulkarni and associates present an important study by correlating different scoring systems of visual field defects in glaucoma patients with their vision-related functional impairment. Not only did they implement the most commonly used questionnaire i…
Retinoblastoma
Media Type: Textbook Synopsis: The diagnosis and treatment of children with retinoblastoma have been incredibly successful since the past half century in improving survival and cure, eye preservation and, occasionally, functional vision in the affect…
Atlas of Clinical and Surgical Orbital Anatomy, Second Edition
Media Type: Textbook, with searchable full text online Synopsis: Orbital anatomy has long been the bane of existence for eye surgeons, because of the difficulty in visualizing and conceptualizing its three dimensions. Yet a thorough understanding for…
Long-term Changes in Visual Acuity in an Older Population over a 15-Year Period: The Blue Mountains Eye Study – Corrected Proof
Purpose: To describe the change in visual acuity (VA) and incidence of visual impairment (VI) in an older population over a 15-year period.Design: Population-based cohort.Participants: Of the 3654 participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) baseline examination from 1992 through 1994, 1149 were re-examined during the 15-year follow-up between 2007 and 2010.Methods: Best-corrected VA by means of subjective refraction was measured with a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study methods at each examination.Main Outcome Measures: Unilateral VI was defined as VA worse than 20/40 and blindness was defined as VA worse than 20/200 in the worse eye. Incident bilateral VI and blindness were determined according to VA in the better eye at the 15-year visit. Doubling of the visual angle was defined as a loss of 15 letters or more from baseline to the 15-year visit. Halving of the visual angle was defined as a VA improvement of 15 letters or more over the same period. Causes of VI were determined at examination, by photographic grading, and from medical records.Results: Cumulative 15-year incidence of unilateral and bilateral VI was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0–13.6) and 5.2% (95% CI, 4.3–6.1), respectively, and for unilateral and bilateral blindness, the cumulative incidence was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.0–4.4) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.5–1.3), respectively. These incidence rates increased significantly with increasing age (P<0.01 for trend). Doubling and halving of the visual angle occurred in 6.9% (95% CI, 5.9–7.9) and 1.6% (95% CI, 1.0–2.2) of participants, respectively. Cataract accounted for 48.5% of unilateral and bilateral incident VI, followed by age-related macular degeneration (26.9%). Age-related macular degeneration accounted for 56.9% of unilateral and bilateral incident blindness cases, followed by cataract (20.7%).Conclusions: These data provide population-based estimates of long-term incidence of visual impairment among older persons. Our estimate for cumulative incidence of blindness, accounting for competing risk of death, was similar to that of the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) after age standardization. However, our estimate for cumulative incidence of VI was lower compared with that observed in the BDES population. This difference may be explained in part by a higher mortality rate among our population.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Preterm Birth and Later Retinal Detachment: A Population-Based Cohort Study of More than 3 Million Children and Young Adults – Corrected Proof
Objective: Ophthalmologic complications after preterm birth are common. Small studies show an association between retinopathy of prematurity and later retinal detachment. There are no population-based studies of preterm birth and risk of retinal detachment, which was the objective of the current investigation.Design: Nationwide Swedish cohort study based on population registries.Participants: Of 3 423 697 subjects born in Sweden, 1 271 725 were born between 1973 and 1986 (i.e., before the national screening program for retinopathy of prematurity started), and 2 151 972 were born between 1987 and 2008. The participants were followed up from 1 year of age until 2009.Methods: Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for retinal detachment were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression.Main Outcome Measures: Incident retinal detachment, as defined by a diagnosis in the Swedish Patient Register (both inpatient and hospital-based outpatient data).Results: During follow-up (median follow-up, 17.4 years), 1749 subjects were diagnosed with retinal detachment. Among the 188 852 subjects born prematurely (i.e., at <37 weeks of gestation), there were 124 cases of retinal detachment, of which 42 occurred in the 20 470 subjects born before 32 weeks of gestation. Compared with subjects born at term (37–41 weeks), the adjusted HR for retinal detachment after extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks of gestation) was 19.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.3–35.8) for births between 1973 and 1986 and 8.95 (95% CI, 3.98–20.1) for births between 1987 and 2008. The corresponding HRs in subjects born very prematurely (28–31 weeks) were 4.32 (95% CI, 2.70–6.90) and 2.80 (95% CI, 1.38–5.69), respectively. Moderately preterm birth (32–36 weeks) was not associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment.Conclusions: Birth before 32 weeks of gestation is associated with a substantially increased relative risk of retinal detachment. These findings may have implications for ophthalmologic follow-up of children and adults born very prematurely.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland: MYB Gene Activation, Genomic Imbalances, and Clinical Characteristics – Corrected Proof
Purpose: To investigate genetic alterations in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) with emphasis on the MYB-NFIB fusion oncogene and its downstream targets, MYB rearrangements, and copy number alterations in relation to clinical data and su…
Diagnostic Potential of Iris Cross-sectional Imaging in Albinism Using Optical Coherence Tomography – Corrected Proof
Purpose: To characterize in vivo anatomic abnormalities of the iris in albinism compared with healthy controls using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to explore the diagnostic potential of this technique for albinism. We also investigated the relationship between iris abnormalities and other phenotypical features of albinism.Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.Participants: A total of 55 individuals with albinism and 45 healthy controls.Methods: We acquired 4.37×4.37-mm volumetric scans (743 A-scans, 50 B-scans) of the nasal and temporal iris in both eyes using AS-OCT (3-μm axial resolution). Iris layers were segmented and thicknesses were measured using ImageJ software. Iris transillumination grading was graded using Summers and colleagues’ classification. Retinal OCT, eye movement recordings, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual evoked potential (VEP), and grading of skin and hair pigmentation were used to quantify other phenotypical features associated with albinism.Main Outcome Measures: Iris AS-OCT measurements included (1) total iris thickness, (2) stroma/anterior border (SAB) layer thickness, and (3) posterior epithelial layer (PEL) thickness. Correlation with other phenotypical measurements, including (1) iris transillumination grading, (2) retinal layer measurements at the fovea, (3) nystagmus intensity, (4) BCVA, (5) VEP asymmetry, (6) skin pigmentation, and (7) hair pigmentation (of head hair, lashes, and brows).Results: The mean iris thickness was 10.7% thicker in controls (379.3±44.0 μm) compared with the albinism group (342.5±52.6 μm; P>0.001), SAB layers were 5.8% thicker in controls (315.1±43.8 μm) compared with the albinism group (297.7±50.0 μm; P=0.044), and PEL was 44.0% thicker in controls (64.1±11.7 μm) compared with the albinism group (44.5±13.9 μm; P<0.0001). The most ciliary quartile of the PEL yielded a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 78% for detecting albinism. Phenotypic features of albinism, such as skin and hair pigmentation, BCVA, and nystagmus intensity, were significantly correlated to AS-OCT iris thickness measurements.Conclusions: We have characterized in vivo abnormalities of the iris associated with albinism for the first time and show that PEL thickness is particularly affected. We demonstrate that PEL thickness has diagnostic potential for detecting iris abnormalities in albinism. Anterior segment OCT iris measurements are significantly correlated to BCVA and nystagmus intensity in contrast to iris transillumination grading measurements that were not.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Cone Dystrophy with Supernormal Rod Response: Novel KCNV2 Mutations in an Underdiagnosed Phenotype – Corrected Proof
Objective: To study the clinical variability and KCNV2 mutation spectrum in cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response (CDSRR) in the Israeli population.Design: Case series.Participants: Patients with cone-dominated diseases and unaffected relatives …
Two-Year Safety and Efficacy of Ranibizumab 0.5 mg in Diabetic Macular Edema: Interim Analysis of the RESTORE Extension Study – Corrected Proof
Objective: To evaluate the 2-year safety and efficacy of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in diabetic macular edema (DME).Design: Twenty-four-month, open-label, multicenter, Phase IIIb extension study.Participants: Two hundred forty of 303 patients with visual impai…
Posterior Iris-claw Aphakic Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children – Corrected Proof
Purpose: To evaluate the indications, visual outcomes, and complication rate after posterior implantation of an iris-claw aphakic intraocular lens (IOL) in children.Design: Noncomparative retrospective cohort study.Methods: setting: Institutional practice. patients/intervention procedures: Seven eyes of 4 children without adequate capsular support had posterior chamber iris-claw aphakic IOL implantation between 2007 and 2012. main outcome measures: Visual acuity, endothelial cell changes, intraoperative and postoperative complications.Results: The mean age of the 3 boys and 1 girl was 12.0 ± 3.4 (SD) years (range 8-16 years). In all eyes, the mean postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (0.13 ± 0.17 logMAR) was statistically significantly better at the last follow-up than at 1 day preoperatively (0.60 ± 0.39 logMAR) (P < .05). The mean follow-up was 31 months (range 10-64 months). The mean endothelial cell density decreased from 3013 ± 155 cells/mm2 preoperatively to 2831 ± 236 cells/mm2 at last follow-up, representing a mean endothelial cell loss of 6.4%. No corneal decompensation, iritis, secondary glaucoma, or pupillary block occurred after surgery in any eye. Postoperative complications included transient postoperative hypotony in 1 eye and a traumatic dislocation of a posterior aphakic iris-claw IOL in 1 eye.Conclusion: The posterior implantation technique of aphakic iris-claw IOL provided good visual outcomes with a favorable complication rate and can be used as a reasonable alternative for a wide range of indications in pediatric eyes without adequate capsular support.
Web-based versus Paper Administration of Common Ophthalmic Questionnaires: Comparison of Subscale Scores – Corrected Proof
Objective: To compare participants’ responses to Web-based and paper-and-pencil versions of an ophthalmic, patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire.Design: Questionnaire development.Participants: Matched subjects with ocular surface disease (OSD) (n = 68) and without OSD (controls, n = 50).Methods: Subjects completed a standard, paper-and-pencil and a Web-based version of the same questionnaire in randomized order. The administered questionnaire included several ophthalmic PRO subscales: the National Eye Institute’s (NEI’s) Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument’s Clarity of Vision, Near Vision, Far Vision, Glare, Symptoms, Worry, and Satisfaction with Correction subscales; the Ocular Surface Disease Index’s (OSDI’s) Symptoms subscale; and the NEI’s Visual Function Questionnaire’s Driving subscale. Possible scores for each subscale ranged from 0 (no difficulty) to 100 (most difficulty). Agreement of subscale scores between modes of administration was assessed using the Bland–Altman approach and multivariable logistic regression.Main Outcome Measures: Subscale scores and an unweighted average total score for each mode of administration.Results: Mean differences in scores between modes of administration ranged from −2.1 to +2.3 units. Although no differences were found to be statistically significant, the Worry and Satisfaction with Correction subscales approached statistical significance (P = 0.07 and 0.08, respectively). Although most subscale mean differences in score did not differ significantly by gender, age (≥40 vs. <40 years), disease status (OSD vs. control), order of administration, or time between completion of the questionnaires, women had slightly greater score differences than men for the Driving (P = 0.04) and Clarity of Vision (P = 0.03) subscales; those with OSD had greater score differences for Clarity of Vision than did controls (P = 0.0006); and those aged ≥40 years had slightly greater differences in OSDI Symptoms subscale than those aged <40 years (P = 0.04).Conclusions: To our knowledge, this Food and Drug Administration and NEI collaboration is the first study to evaluate the equivalence of Web-based and paper versions of ophthalmic PRO questionnaires. We found no evidence of clinically significant differences between scores obtained by the 2 modes for any of the examined subscales. A Web-based instrument should yield scores equivalent to those obtained by standard methods, providing a useful tool that may facilitate ophthalmic innovation.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Genotype and Phenotype of 101 Dutch Patients with Congenital Stationary Night Blindness – Corrected Proof
Objective: To investigate the relative frequency of the genetic causes of the Schubert–Bornschein type of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) and to determine the genotype-phenotype correlations in CSNB1 and CSNB2.Design: Clinic-based, longi…