Category: Peer-reviewed

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of the Ciliary Body in Ocular/Oculodermal Melanocytosis

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Purpose: To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings of the ciliary body in patients with ocular/oculodermal melanocytosis.Design: Retrospective observational case series study.Methods: A retrospective chart and imaging database review was conducted for patients with unilateral ocular/oculodermal melanocytosis who underwent UBM examination at the Ocular Oncology Clinic of Princess Margaret Hospital. Radial images of the ciliary body at the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-o’clock positions were obtained in both eyes. UBM characteristics included ciliary body thickness and reflectivity. The eye with ocular/oculodermal melanocytosis was compared with the contralateral unaffected eye as a control. Statistical significance was analyzed with Student t test.Results: (Read more...)

Surgical Outcomes of Medial Rectus Recession in Esotropia with Cerebral Palsy

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Purpose:
To determine the outcome of a reduced amount of medial rectus (MR) muscle recession in esotropes with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare the surgical response with that of normal controls.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Participants:
Thirty esotropes with CP and 60 age-matched esotropes without CP who underwent a unilateral or bilateral MR muscle recession.

Methods:
The surgical amount of MR muscle recession was reduced by 1 mm per muscle in patients with CP.

Main Outcome Measures:
Success rates, surgical response, cumulative probabilities of success, and factors affecting surgical (Read more...)

Reversal of Lamina Cribrosa Displacement after Intraocular Pressure Reduction in Open-Angle Glaucoma

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Purpose:
To compare the change in lamina cribrosa (LC) displacement in response to intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Design:
Observational case series.

Participants:
One hundred eyes of 100 patients with OAG in whom IOP at the follow-up examination had decreased by at least 20% compared with the baseline IOP.

Methods:
Serial horizontal B-scan images of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained from each eye using enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT. Approximately 65 B-scans covering the optic discs were obtained (Read more...)

Null CYP1B1 Genotypes in Primary Congenital and Nondominant Juvenile Glaucoma

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Purpose:
To assess the mutation spectrum, enzymatic activity, and phenotypic features associated with CYP1B1 genotypes in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and nondominant juvenile glaucoma (ndJG).

Design:
CYP1B1 genotyping, segregation analysis, and functional evaluation of mutations in a cohort of patients.

Participants:
A total of 177 probands clinically diagnosed with PCG (161) or ndJG (16).

Methods:
Automatic DNA sequencing of the promoter (−1 to −867) and the 3 CYP1B1 exons. CYP1B1 enzymatic activity was evaluated using an ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation assay in transfected HEK-293T cells.

Main Outcome Measures:
Screening and functional evaluation (Read more...)

The Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in The Netherlands

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Objective:
To estimate the incidence and characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in The Netherlands in 2009.

Design:
Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants:
All patients with RRD in the Dutch population in 2009.

Methods:
By reviewing surgical logs, cases of primary RRD repair in 2009 were identified. Exclusion criteria included RRD before 2009 and exudative, tractional, or traumatic retinal detachments. Patient demographics, date of surgery, and lens status were documented. Incidence of RRD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the Poisson distribution. Age distribution, male-to-female ratio, and (Read more...)

Aqueous Levels of Fluocinolone Acetonide after Administration of Fluocinolone Acetonide Inserts or Fluocinolone Acetonide Implants

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Purpose:
To compare aqueous levels of fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) after administration of FAc inserts or FAc implants (Retisert; Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).

Design:
Comparison of pharmacokinetics from 2 prospective, interventional, clinical trials.

Participants:
Thirty-seven patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) (Fluocinolone Acetonide in Human Aqueous [FAMOUS] Study, C-01-06-002) and 7 patients with uveitis (NA-00019318).

Methods:
Aqueous FAc was measured after administration of FAc implants or 0.2 μg/day (low dose, ILUVIEN; Alimera Sciences Inc., Alpharetta, GA) or 0.5 μg/day (high dose) FAc inserts.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary end point (Read more...)

Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema With a Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein That Binds Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Phase I/II Study

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Purpose: To evaluate the safety and bioactivity of MP0112, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) that specifically binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). DARPins are a novel class of proteins selected for specific, high-affinity binding to a target protein.Design: Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter dose-escalation trial.Methods: After a single intravitreal injection of MP0112, the main outcomes were safety assessments, aqueous MP0112 levels, change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and foveal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Six cohorts were planned, but only 3 were enrolled (0.04, 0.15, 0.4 mg), because a maximally tolerated dose of (Read more...)

Incidence of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Results from the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study

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Purpose:
To provide a population-based estimate of the incidence of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with comparisons across racial, sex, and age groups, as well as to estimate the frequency of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Design:
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Participants:
All patients enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Hawaii health plan during the study period (N = 217 061).

Methods:
All patient encounters between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007, in the electronic medical record of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii were queried for International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD-9) codes corresponding (Read more...)

The Cost–Utility of Telemedicine to Screen for Diabetic Retinopathy in India

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Purpose:
To assess the cost-effectiveness of a telemedicine diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program in rural Southern India that conducts 1-off screening camps (i.e., screening offered once) in villages and to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of different screening intervals.

Design:
A cost–utility analysis using a Markov model.

Participants:
A hypothetical cohort of 1000 rural diabetic patients aged 40 years who had not been previously screened for DR and who were followed over a 25-year period in Chennai, India.

Methods:
We interviewed 249 people with diabetes using the time trade-off method (Read more...)

Topographic Correlation between β-Zone Parapapillary Atrophy and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defect

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Objective:
To investigate whether a topographic correlation exists between β-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect. The location and extent of the β-zone were examined.

Design:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants:
One hundred twenty-eight eyes from 128 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and a single localized RNFL defect were included.

Methods:
Digital optic disc photographs of the enrolled eyes were reviewed and eyes with β-zone PPA were identified. The topographic parameters of β-zone PPA and RNFL defect were measured on optic disc photographs and digital (Read more...)

The p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism (rs1042522) Is Associated with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: The Retina 4 Project

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Purpose:
To compare the distribution of a p53 gene polymorphism among European subjects undergoing primary retinal detachment (RD) surgery in relation to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Design:
Case-controlled gene association study conducted as a component of the Retina 4 Project (a European multicenter study).

Participants and Controls:
Five hundred fifty DNA samples, 134 with PVR secondary to primary RD and 416 with RD without PVR.

Methods:
The p53 codon 72 polymorphism (rs1042522) was analyzed using allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Proportions of genotypes and the proline (Pro-P) homozygote (Read more...)

A Randomized, Single-Center Study of Equivalence of 2 Intraocular Lenses Used in Cataract Surgery

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Purpose:
To compare the outcomes of 2 intraocular lenses (IOLs) for the treatment of age-related cataracts.

Design:
Prospective, randomized trial.

Participants:
Patients with age-related cataracts were recruited and randomized to receive phacoemulsification and implantation of either the AcrySof SA60AT lens (Alcon, Inc, Fort Worth, TX) or the low-cost Tecsoft Flex lens (Fred Hollows Foundation, Tilganga, Nepal). A total of 300 patients were available for description and analysis (148 in the AcrySof group and 152 in the Tecsoft group).

Methods:
Patients underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of the AcrySof SA60AT lens or (Read more...)